The Science of Schema Theory

Neuroscience and Emotional Patterns

Coaching vs Therapy: A Schema-Based View 

Arntz, A., & Jacob, G. A. (2013). Schema therapy for personality disorders —A review. *International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 6*(2), 171–185. 

Arntz, A., Jacob, G. A., Lee, C. W., Brand-de Wilde, O. M., Menninga, S., Fassbinder, E., ... & Farrell, J. M. (2022). Effectiveness of predominantly group schema therapy and combined individual and group schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: A randomized clinical trial. *JAMA Psychiatry, 79*(4), 287–299. 

Bamelis, L. L. M., Evers, S. M. A. A., Spinhoven, P., & Arntz, A. (2014). Results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness of schema therapy for personality disorders. *American Journal of Psychiatry, 171*(3), 305–322. 

Bernstein, D. P., Arntz, A., & de Vos, M. (2012). Schema therapy for forensic patients with personality disorders: Design and preliminary findings of a multicenter randomized clinical trial in the Netherlands. *International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 11*(4), 312–324.

Carter, J. D., McIntosh, V. V. W., Jordan, J., Porter, R. J., Frampton, C. M. A., Bulik, C. M., Joyce, P. R., & Luty, S. E. (2013). Psychotherapy for depression: A randomized clinical trial comparing schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy. *Journal of Affective Disorders, 151*(3), 1092–1097.

Dickhaut, V., & Arntz, A. (2014). Combined group and individual schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: A pilot study. *Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45*(2), 242–251.

Farrell, J. M., Shaw, I. A., & Webber, M. A. (2009). A schema-focused approach to group psychotherapy for outpatients with borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial. *Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40*(2), 317–328.

Giesen-Bloo, J., van Dyck, R., Spinhoven, P., van Tilburg, W., Dirksen, C., van Asselt, T., Kremers, I., Nadort, M., & Arntz, A. (2006). Outpatient psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Randomized trial of schema-focused therapy vs transference-focused psychotherapy. *Archives of General Psychiatry, 63*(6), 649–658.

Gülüm, İ. V. (2018). Dropout in schema therapy for personality disorders. *Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 21*(2), 194–202.

Hawke, L. D., & Provencher, M. D. (2011). Schema theory and schema therapy in mood and anxiety disorders: A review. *Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25*(4), 257–276.

Jacob, G. A., Hauer, A., Köhne, S., Assmann, N., Schaich, A., Schweiger, U., & Fassbinder, E. (2018). A schema therapy-based eHealth program for patients with borderline personality disorder (priovi): Naturalistic single-arm observational study. *JMIR Mental Health, 5*(4), Article e10983.

Masley, S. A., Gillanders, D. T., & Simpson, S. G. (2012). A systematic review of the evidence base for schema therapy. *Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41*(3), 185–202.

Nadort, M., Arntz, A., Schmucker, G., Van der Kolk, J., Broerse, J., Zitman, F., Van, I. M., & Wensing, M. (2009). Implementation of outpatient schema therapy for borderline personality disorder with versus without crisis support by the therapist outside office hours: A randomized trial. *Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47*(4), 287–294.

Rafaeli, E., Bernstein, D. P., & Young, J. E. (2011). *Schema therapy: Distinctive features*. Routledge.

Taylor, C. D. J., Bee, P., & Haddock, G. (2017). Does schema therapy change schemas and symptoms? A systematic review across mental health disorders. *Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 90*(3), 456–479.

van Vreeswijk, M., Broersen, J., & Nadort, M. (Eds.). (2012). *The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of schema therapy: Theory, research, and practice*. Wiley-Blackwell.

Young, J. E. (1990). *Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach*. Professional Resource Press.

Young, J. E. (1999). *Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach* (Rev. ed.). Professional Resource Press.

Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). *Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide*. Guilford Press.

Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, Q., Yin, M., Li, C., & Wang, X. (2023). The efficacy of schema therapy for personality disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. *Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 77*(7), 641–650.